Mahatma Gandhi | Les Éditions Discovery | Discovery Publisher France
Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, Mahatma Gandhi studied law and came to advocate for the rights of Indians, both at home and in South Africa. Gandhi became a leader of India's independence movement, organizing boycotts against British institutions in peaceful forms of civil disobedience. He was killed by a fanatic in 1948.
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Mahatma Gandhi

Un œil pour un œil finira par rendre le monde aveugle.

Né le 2 octobre 1869, à Porbandar en Inde, Mahatma Gandhi étudia le droit et devint avocat pour les droits des indiens, à la fois chez lui et en Afrique du Sud. Gandhi devint un des chefs du mouvement pour l’indépendance de l’Inde, en organisant des boycotts contre les institutions britanniques en choisissant la manière pacifique de la désobéissance civile. Il fut assassiné en 1948.

Chef politique et spirituel : Le chef indien nationaliste Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, plus connu sous le nom de Mahatma Gandhi, est né le 2 octobre 1869, à Porbandar dans la région du Kâthiâwar en Inde. Il étudia le droit à Londres en Angleterre mais alla en Afrique du Sud en 1893 où il passa 20 ans à s’opposer aux législations discriminatoires envers les indiens. En tant que pionnier du Satyagraha, ou résistance par la désobéissance civile massive, il devint un des chefs spirituels et politiques les plus importants de son temps. Le Satyagraha reste une des philosophies les plus puissantes dans les luttes pour la liberté à travers le monde aujourd‘hui. 

Lutte pour la libération des indiens : En 1914, Gandhi retourna en Inde, où il soutint la All-India Home Rule League [Ligue pan-indienne pour l’autodétermination], et où il devint chef du Congrès national indien, en préconisant une politique de non coopération non violente pour obtenir l’indépendance. Son but était d’aider les agriculteurs et les travailleurs pauvres à protester contre la taxation oppressive et la discrimination. Il lutta pour réduire la pauvreté, libérer les femmes et en finir avec la discrimination des castes, avec pour objectif ultime l’autonomie de l’Inde. Après sa campagne de désobéissance civile (1919-1922), il fut emprisonné pour conspiration (1922-1924). En 1930, il mena une marche marquante de 320 km vers la mer pour récolter du sel dans un mouvement de défi symbolique envers le monopole du gouvernement. À sa sortie de prison (1931), il assista à une table ronde à Londres sur la réforme constitutionnelle de l’Inde. En 1946, il négocia avec le Cabinet Mission qui recommanda la nouvelle structure constitutionnelle. Après l’indépendance (1947), il essaya de stopper le conflit Hindou-Musulman au Bengale, une politique qui mena à son assassinat à Delhi par Nathuram Godse, un hindou fanatique.

Même après son décès, l’engagement de Gandhi à la non violence et sa croyance en une vie simple – fabriquer ses propres vêtements, être végétarien et pratiquer le jeûne pour l’auto-purification mais aussi pour protester – ont été des sources d’espoir pour les personnes oppressées et marginalisées à travers le monde.